• 2008-06-28

    一篇英语阅读引发的诈骗案

    大家把英语暑假作业的那本大书翻到75页看第19篇阅读。。(不想翻的把下面这段复制粘帖到记事本)

    Visitors are not allowed to dig at the ancient temple, so the official notices say; but not far outside the entrance to the temple there’s a shop that sells little forks specially made for the job. Don’t buy one or you’ll be in trouble with the gate-keeper, who has the right to search everybody going in or coming out. But the funny thing is that the gate-keeper sells forks and other small digging tools at prices very little higher than those at the shop. He has, too , a good many Roman coins, both copper and silver, at prices from ten cents to ten dollars each , and many nice pieces of ancient collection---little oil lamps, drinking cups, etc.---at a dollar or so each, depending on the condition. Don’t buy much from him: you’ll find that the prices for those inside the temple are lower.||||Once you are past the old gate-keeper. you can begin digging at once, ---and anywhere you like, I must say that to dig your own “find” up at the very spot where some ancient Roman left it or lost it centuries ago is an interesting experience. However, unless you have read the history, you will surely waste a lot of time and energy and find little of interest. This is why people have to ask the watchman for useful information. For a dollar or so, they will gladly show you the most likely places to dig at. But first you must agree to their rule of business; anything of gold or silver dug up must be handed to them unless; you pay an extra amount of money to them, usually ten percent of the metal’s value by weight.||||It was just at such an old temple that my friend Danny had the best of good luck. He dug up, among other things, a little silver ear-ring, bellshaped and with the name MAIA on it. We then searched for the other one of the pair excitedly, but without success. Later, being honest, we took our find to the watchmen’s office, where it was valued. Danny paid the amount, about three dollars.||||Just as we were leaving, well satisfied, the head watchman said, “Would you like the other one for twenty dollars? I think I’ve got it.” We were astonished. But when he took out the other ear-ring from his desk. Danny just had to buy it. They were certainly a pair; and the second was also marked with the name MAIA. The watchman then showed us a secret path which led us out of the temple without the trouble of being searched by the gate-keeper.

    然后我们来分析一下这个故事,主要有这样几个人:看门的、保安和游客。

    按照作者的思路,或者说大多数人以为的作者思路,这个故事就是游客问看门的买工具,然后去挖,挖不出来可以问“有经验的”保安,不过这样挖出来的东西按照价值给保安付钱。所以从表面上看,看门的和保安不过是利用寺庙周围零散的“文物”来赚钱而已。

    但如果我们深入地再洞察一下这个故事,不免觉得有点蹊跷:保安怎么会知道哪里有文物,哪里没有呢?如果他们知道,那为什么不自己挖出来,按照分量去卖掉赚钱呢?如果他们不知道,为了挣到最多的钱,就应该不会随便指路,以提高自己的可靠性,让更多的游客问他们要信息,找来文物,然后用游客找到的文物来赚钱。

    而且,我们前面的分析中遗漏了卖工具的商店:既然商店知道前面的管门的老头不会让游客把工具带进去,那么又为什么要开呢?为什么管门的人要没收游客挖到的文物,却又出售开挖的工具?他的工具又是从哪里来的呢?

    如果我们稍微动一动脑筋,运用一下想象力,这其实很好理解:这个故事不是几个游客的游玩经历,而是一个不怎么精心策划过的诈骗案:

    假设寺庙入口附近本来就有一个商店,只是不卖工具而已。然后看门的老头让商店老板以较低的价格出售这些工具,他出售的工具就是用来让看门的没收的。如果老头那边有没收到不是商店卖出的工具,卖不掉也可以返卖给商店。于是商店以1单位货币卖出的工具,老头没收后,再(假设)以1.1单位货币卖出。这样一把工具的价格就变为了2.1单位,而且付出这2.1单位的很可能是同一个执意要去挖宝的人。

    然后游客付出2.1单位的价钱买了一把工具,开始挖。他们挖不到──为什么呢?可以推断,其实这些文物并不是本来就埋在里面的。保安准备一些文物,有的埋得浅,有的埋得很深──那些浅的容易挖的,价值大多很小,于是可以忽略;较深一点的,一般人不会一直挖下去,就放弃了,而这些是价值稍大的,保安所提供的线索大致就是这一类;还有一些很深的,价值较大,保安不会轻易提供线索,但可能会有那么一个两个运气超好的人(概率很小)挖出来,于是这些人就成为了“托”,招徕更多的人过来寻宝。

    由于这些东西都是保安埋进去的,当然只有保安知道。然后保安看似和看门的对立,因为他提供一条不被发现的出去的捷径;但这条捷径很可能也是看门的开的,故意“睁一只眼闭一只眼”。游客挖到的东西,以其分量的10分之一定价付给保安,于是整个寺庙又从游客那里得到了额外的收入。

    现在我们来看这个问题:如果这些东西真的是文物,那么保安又是从哪里得到它们的?为什么允许游客以那么低的价格买入呢?所以要么是无本买卖(确实是文物),要么就是廉价的仿制品:显然这点的可能更大,因为文物再多也是有限的,而为了保证财源广进,使用仿制品更加有前途。而这些仿制品很可能又是商店老板提供的──这样,商店老板又多了一个获利途径,无怪乎他可以不用担心工具卖不出去了。

    最后我们来总结一下,商店老板出售工具给游客,仿制品给寺庙;看门的没收商店卖给游客的工具,又转卖给别的游客;保安将仿制品埋起来,然后以文物的名义廉价变相出售给游客,索要信息费。这样,寺庙和商店就形成了一个休戚与共的利益同盟。

    如果我们make a wild guess,整个寺庙就是一个幌子,让人相信这里真的会有文物出现,放松了对于仿制品的警惕;而似有若无的“官方告示”,让人更加相信这里是一个正规的古代寺庙,同时让人觉得能够在里面挖掘是一种“犯罪的快感”,很可以贪贪小便宜;寺庙内部保安和看门人表面上的矛盾,使得游客对保安产生一种好感(因为会觉得看门人不近人情,卖的东西都比较贵,而且“只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯”),从而愿意信赖保安。最后,游客挖出保安事先埋好的仿制品,兴高采烈地带回家去了。

    不过故事当中说到了耳环的事情,这就令人想到:保安还有另外一手。他们把一些让人觉得会是成双成对的东西的一部分埋进去,另一部分放在手里,这样可以打消人们觉得是他们把“文物”埋进去的顾虑;同时,促使那些人过来付钱,同时借机可以以更高的价钱把另一半买走。于是一件仿制品就又可以当两件来卖,正如一个工具可以当两个来卖一样!

    所以,寺庙寻宝的故事不是一次幸运的经历,而是一场诈骗案。